反洗钱：FATF名单、金融情报机构、刑罚与工具
FATF grey and black lists, financial intelligence units (COAF, FinCEN), AML laws, reporting thresholds, crypto rules, record fines and AML/KYC technology vendors.
FATF lists after the Oct 2026 plenary
No additions; Côte d'Ivoire, Bulgaria, Monaco and DR Congo were removed. The grey list stands at 18 jurisdictions, including Bolivia and Venezuela; Iran and North Korea (countermeasures) and Myanmar (enhanced due diligence) remain on the blacklist.
Basel AML Index 2025
Covers 177 countries; the average score moved from 5.30 to 5.28, a statistically insignificant change. North America worsened on average.
COAF sets record for intelligence reports in 2025
COAF produced 20,548 financial intelligence reports (+9.52%), more than 6x the 2014 volume, from ~7.6 million reports received in the year. Administrative fines totalled R$ 96.9 million.
US SAR filings hit a record in 2025
More than 4.105 million SARs (+7.99%), of which 2.193 million from banks. Cyber-related SARs rose 30% over 2024.
EU: AMLA and the new AML package
AMLA (Reg. 2024/1620), based in Frankfurt, has been operational since 1 Jul 2025. The AMLR (Reg. 2024/1624) applies from 10 Jul 2027, with a €10,000 cash-payment cap; the Travel Rule (TFR 2023/1113) has applied since 30 Dec 2024.
Brazil: new central bank rules on cash FX and crypto
BCB Resolution 588/2026 (in force since 1 Oct 2026) requires automatic reporting to COAF of physical-currency FX and self-hosted wallet transfers ≥ US$ 10,000. Resolution 589/2026 bars authorised institutions, from 6 Nov 2026, from dealing in virtual assets with unauthorised providers.
Operation Carbono Oculto
São Paulo prosecutors, Federal Police and the tax authority targeted the PCC gang in the fuel sector on 28 Aug 2025: at least R$ 52 billion moved in 2020–2024, 40 investment funds holding ~R$ 30 billion, and fintechs used as pooled accounts.
US: BOI reporting dropped for domestic companies
FinCEN's final rule, effective 14 Aug 2026, made the March 2025 exemption for US companies and US persons permanent. Only foreign entities registered to do business in the US still report.
| Brazil | Law 9,613/1998 (amended by Law 12,683/2012) | COAF | Not listed; MER published Dec 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Corporate Transparency Act (BOI for foreign entities only) | FinCEN | Not listed; MER discussed Oct 2026, report due Dec 2026 |
| Mexico | LFPIORPI (amended 16 Jul 2025) + Federal Criminal Code art. 400 Bis | UIF | Not listed; MER discussed Oct 2026, report due Dec 2026 |
| Colombia | Criminal Code, art. 323 | — | Not listed; next MER Dec 2029 |
| Chile | — | — | Not listed; next MER Dec 2031 |
| Argentina | — | — | Not listed; next MER Feb 2031 |
| Peru | — | — | Not listed; next MER Dec 2030 |
| European Union | AMLR (Reg. 2024/1624), AMLD6 (Dir. 2024/1640), AMLA (Reg. 2024/1620) | National FIUs + AMLA | Bulgaria and Monaco left the grey list in Oct 2026 |
| United Kingdom | — | — | Not listed; British Virgin Islands (territory) on grey list |
| Singapore | — | — | Not listed; MER adopted Feb 2026 |
| Hong Kong | — | — | Not listed; next MER Jun 2030 |
| India | — | — | Not listed; next MER Jun 2031 |
| China | — | — | Not listed; MER at Feb 2027 plenary |
| United Arab Emirates | — | — | Not listed; MER at Feb 2027 plenary |
| Japan | — | — | Not listed; MER at Feb 2029 plenary |
| Australia | — | — | Not listed; MER at Jun 2027 plenary |
Fines
- 2023-11-21 — Binance e CZ: US$ 4,32 bi (DOJ / FinCEN / OFAC / CFTC). DOJ settlement (US$ 2.51bn forfeiture plus US$ 1.81bn fine), plus coordinated FinCEN, OFAC and CFTC resolutions; 3-year monitor.
- 2024-10-10 — TD Bank: US$ 3,09 bi (DOJ / FinCEN / OCC / Fed). Record DOJ (US$ 1.8bn) and FinCEN (US$ 1.3bn) penalties; US asset cap of ~US$ 434bn; over US$ 670m laundered.
- 2025-02 — OKX: US$ 504 mi+ (DOJ (SDNY)). Guilty plea.
- 2025-04-10 — Block Inc. (Cash App): US$ 40 mi (NYDFS). New York regulator penalty.
- 2025-06-25 — CIBanco, Intercam e Vector Casa de Bolsa: Proibição de transmissões (FinCEN). Named a "primary money laundering concern" (fentanyl) under the FEND Off Fentanyl Act; not a fine. Mexico's CNBV temporarily took over CIBanco and Intercam.
- 2025-11-06 — Coinbase Europe: € 21,46 mi (Banco Central da Irlanda). ~30 million transactions not monitored.
- 2025-12 — Nationwide BS: £ 44 mi (FCA). FCA fine.
- 2025 — Robinhood: US$ 45 mi (SEC). SEC penalty.
- 2025 — Barclays: £ 39,3 mi (FCA). FCA fine.
- 2025 — Paxos: US$ 26,5 mi (NYDFS). New York regulator penalty.
- 2025 — Monzo: ~£ 21 mi (FCA). FCA fine.
- 2025 — COAF (PAS, total do ano): R$ 96,9 mi (COAF). Sum of administrative fines; jewellery and precious metals lead (R$ 39.8m).
| Score | |
|---|---|
| China | 7.26 |
| UAE | 6.11 |
| India | 5.66 |
| Mexico | 5.52 |
| Brazil | 5.4 |
| Hong Kong | 5.37 |
| Colombia | 5.05 |
| Peru | 4.88 |
| US | 4.83 |
| Japan | 4.73 |
| Singapore | 4.73 |
| Argentina | 4.44 |
| Chile | 4.28 |
| Australia | 4.13 |
| UK | 4.04 |
来源: Basel Institute on Governance ↗
| Rank | |
|---|---|
| China | 12 |
| UAE | 40 |
| India | 60 |
| Mexico | 71 |
| Brazil | 80 |
| Hong Kong | 82 |
| Colombia | 99 |
| Peru | 110 |
| US | 113 |
| Japan | 121 |
| Singapore | 122 |
| Argentina | 135 |
| Chile | 142 |
| Australia | 150 |
| UK | 157 |
来源: Basel Institute on Governance ↗
| Score | |
|---|---|
| Myanmar | 8.18 |
| Haiti | 8.12 |
| DR Congo | 7.63 |
| Chad | 7.56 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 7.55 |
| Venezuela | 7.55 |
| Laos | 7.5 |
| Gabon | 7.46 |
| Central African Rep. | 7.44 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 7.3 |
来源: Basel Institute on Governance ↗
| Reports | |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 18762 |
| 2025 | 20548 |
来源: COAF — RGI 2025 ↗
| Fines | |
|---|---|
| Jewellery and precious metals | R$ 39.8 mi |
| Luxury goods | R$ 33.1 mi |
| Factoring | R$ 23.9 mi |
来源: COAF — RGI 2025 ↗
| Size | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | US$ 4.13 bi |
| 2030 | US$ 9.38 bi |
来源: MarketsandMarkets via PR Newswire ↗